Weather measuring Satellite
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| Weather measuring Satellite |
Many types of satellites are used to collect data by checking the weather and to remedy it in adverse weather. Before the use of satellites for measuring weather, small instruments such as barometers, thermometers, rain gauges and wind measuring instruments were commonly used. But all these measurements provide information on a small area. On the other hand, with the help of modern sensor technology, satellite weather monitoring has revolutionized the benefits of monitoring facilities from space.
Significant components of the weather satellite
The captured image is processed and from it information about air temperature, sea surface temperature, relative humidity of the air, snowfall etc. is obtained. Based on the information received, necessary measures were taken to protect it from storms, hurricanes and rains. For example, cloud rotation usually indicates depression, while images of the same brightness usually indicate the position of the decorated cloud.The position of the periodically arranged clouds indicates the state of the wind velocity. Measurements of visible rays with the help of satellites are usually possible during the day. Measurements of invisible rays, on the other hand, are possible at any time of the day or night.
The United States launched the meteorological satellite Explorer-7 in 1959, the first meteorological satellite. The latter is a family of meteorological satellites that were launched in early April 1970 under the name Television and Infrared Beam Observation Satellite (TIROS). The image sent by the first satellite of the TIROS series is shown in Figure 3. Nine TIROS satellites have been launched in the last five years, each of which is much more efficient than its predecessor. Each TIROS satellite has a pair of B&W television cameras attached. In addition to the TV camera, an infrared radio meter is also attached to the TIROS series satellites currently being sent.
The TIROS series of satellites are moving towards the next generation. Which will be known as TIROS Operational System of Environmental Survey Studies TIROS ESSA Satellites. The current nine ESSA satellites will use much better television cameras and radio meters than the launched TIROS series satellites.
The ESSA satellites were followed by the launch of the TIROS Operational Satellite (ITOS) series, the TIROS-N series and the Nimbus series. ITOS satellites are equipped with radio meters that can capture images of day and night visible invisible rays at a resolution of 3.2 & 6.4 km
The TIROS-N series satellites use state-of-the-art high resolution radio meters to receive good weather messages by increasing radio-metric information.
Russia also currently has an imaging TV system and an infrared radio meter attached to the meteor series and Cosmos series satellites intended for weather messages. China also launched the first meteorological satellite, Feng Yun, in 1966.
All the meteorological satellites described are orbiting the Sun at a distance of 800,900 km from the Earth's surface. Currently meteorologists are realizing the need for a type of satellite that can provide a complete picture of the weather. In addition, satellite technology has improved so much today that it is possible to place satellites in geo-stationary orbit.
The United States is the first to launch a geo-stationary meteorological satellite, better known as the Application Technology Satellite (ATS). Later, two more satellites, called Synchronous Meterorolosical Satellite (SMS) and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), were launched into space, capable of showing real-time detailed information about the Earth's weather. All of these satellites are equipped with high-resolution visible infrared radio meters and sounders that outline the temperature and humidity. Images or images captured by all these satellites are constantly sent to the station where the data is processed and sent to different locations.
So far, the United States has been playing a leading role in meteorological satellite technology. However, other countries are also considering sending polar and some countries GEO weather satellites. Even some countries are already launching all these satellites.
A team of five GEO satellites provides detailed information about the Global Weather. The United States has already sent GOES-8 and GOES-10 satellites into orbit, and GOES-9 and GOES-11 are ready to fill in the gaps if these two satellites fail. The figure shows the image obtained by GOES Satellite.
ESA has launched a satellite called METEOSAT to measure the weather. This satellite is currently operational.
A few days ago, India also had the good fortune to become a member of the upper class countries by launching the GEO satellite of INSAT series into space. INSAT-2B & 2E satellites carry meteorological instruments and are currently in operation. The INSAT-2E satellite has a high resolution radio meter with a resolution of about 2km in the visible band and a CCD camera capable of working in the visible and 1km resolution in the IR band.
Japan's Geostationary Meteorological Satellite is another meteorological satellite.
Some of the currently used Polar Sun Synchronous satellites that are widely used in weather measurement include TIROS-N and Advanced TIROS satellites sent by the United States. Satellite is now an established tool for weather monitoring. In the future, new types of satellites will come to measure the Earth's air pressure day and night. Contains accurate information about the weather and other factors that can help a nation to prosper economically.
